What to Expect Before, During, and After Gastrointestinal Surgery

Medically reviewed by: Dr.Solomon K P John , Gastrointestinal surgeon - Written byRiya Yacob - Updated on 07/03/2025

Most people are often afraid of surgery. Undergoing gastrointestinal (GI) surgery can feel daunting for many of them. Whether it is getting ready for a simple procedure or a more complex surgery, it's important to know what to expect before, during, and after the operation. This blog will help you understand GI surgery, pre-operative care for abdominal surgery, and aftercare GI surgery. Also, some tips to prepare for your GI surgery.

Gastrointestinal (GI) Surgery

GI surgery includes various procedures to address issues within the digestive system. This includes the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, rectum, and anus. These surgical interventions are performed for numerous reasons, such as:

Cancer Treatments

Surgical procedures to remove tumours or parts of organs affected by cancers, such as those in the colon, oesophagus, stomach, or pancreas.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

Surgeries involve taking out damaged parts of the intestines for diseases like Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis.

Diverticular Disease

Surgical options aimed at fixing problems caused by diverticulitis, which can lead to infections or tears in the intestine.

Gallbladder Disease

Surgery is done to remove the gallbladder due to issues such as gallstones or inflammation.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) & Hiatal Hernias

Surgery that aims to tighten the lower part of the esophagus to prevent stomach acid from backing up.

Hernias

Procedures to repair bulges in the abdominal area, known as inguinal, hiatal, or umbilical hernias.

Appendicitis

An emergency surgery to remove the appendix when it becomes inflamed or infected.

Pre-operative Care

Managing Medications

Avoid eating or drinking for about 8-12 hours before surgery. Pre-operative care for abdominal surgery is crucial. Your doctor may also ask you to stop taking certain medications or supplements. Especially those medications that thin your blood. This is to reduce any risks during the surgery.

Quitting Smoking & Drinking Alcohol

If you smoke or drink alcohol, giving it up can really help you recover faster. Smoking can slow down healing because it affects your blood flow, while alcohol can interfere with the anaesthesia and weaken your immune system.

Getting Help After Surgery

It's important to have someone available to help you as you recover at home. Their support will be useful during the first few days after your surgery when you might find it hard to move around.

Preparing for Recovery

Before your surgery, think about making some changes in your home. This could mean removing items that you might trip over, setting up a cozy recovery spot where you can rest comfortably, and making sure that things you need are easy to reach.

On Surgery Day

You may need to reach the hospital several hours in advance to facilitate the check-in process and allow for adequate preparation time. Upon completing the requisite forms, you will undergo a brief examination by a nurse. The nurse will explain the procedure.

Following this, your surgeon and anesthesiologist will meet with you to address any inquiries, review your medical history, and ensure your safety throughout the procedure.

Subsequently, you will be administered medication to promote relaxation. This may result in drowsiness or numbness in a specific area, depending on the type of anaesthesia required. Once you are prepared, you will be taken to the operating room for the surgical procedure.

Treatment Options for GI Surgery

Your gastroenterologists will guide you to the most appropriate treatment options tailored to your specific health needs. Common procedures include:

Colonoscopy

This minimally invasive procedure allows for the examination of the colon and rectum using a flexible tube with a camera, which is helpful for the diagnosis and treatment of polyps.

Endoscopic Ultrasound

A sophisticated technique employing sound waves to generate detailed images of the digestive tract, which assists in identifying abnormalities.

Upper GI Endoscopy

This procedure permits visualization of the upper digestive tract and is fundamental for diagnosing conditions like ulcers, strictures, and tumours.

Laparoscopic Surgery

Known for its minimally invasive nature, it utilizes small incisions and a camera, resulting in reduced postoperative pain and quicker recovery times.

Care After Surgery

Monitoring in PACU

Once the surgery is completed, you will be moved to the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU). Gastroenterologists will closely monitor your heart rate and blood pressure and assess your pain levels.

Pain Management

You will likely receive medications to manage any discomfort. Adequate pain control is essential for a smooth recovery and to promote healing.

Nutritional Transition

Your introduction to food will start cautiously. In most cases, it will begin with clear liquids. As your digestive system gradually resumes normal function, you will be allowed to consume more substantial foods.

Discharge & Follow-Up

Once you are stable and capable of independent care, you will be discharged with detailed follow-up instructions. Gastroenterologists will instruct you regarding wound care, dietary recommendations, and signs of potential complications.

When it comes to aftercare GI surgery, the following are a few things to consider:

Carefully follow your healthcare team's instructions on medication management, wound care, and follow-up appointments.
Give your body time to heal and recover. Avoid heavy lifting, bending, or strenuous activity.
Have a support system in place, including family members or friends who can help with daily tasks and provide emotional support.
Attend all scheduled follow-up appointments and adhere to your gastroenterologist's recommendations for ongoing care.

Conclusion

Being a trusted gastroenterology hospital in Kochi, EMC is dedicated to delivering exceptional patient care. Our team of highly trained gastroenterologists and specialists are committed to providing comprehensive and compassionate care. At EMC, we ensure that our patients receive the best possible treatment and support throughout their journey to recovery.